This uses /proc/self/mem to write to two unwritable memory pages. The first is a read-only page that the code itself maps. The second is a code page belonging to libc itself (the getchar function).
Nathan Lambert 是 Allen AI 研究所的科学家，博士毕业于加州大学伯克利分校，师从机器人领域的著名学者 Pieter Abbeel。他并非 RLHF 技术的发明者，但他写的《RLHF》这本开源书籍，如今是 AI 从业者理解大模型训练流程的标准参考材料之一。，更多细节参见wps
Similarly, we can show that a_i is 0, for all。手游对此有专业解读
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